Bernard Manning

He represents the absolute end point of the British working men’s club circuit. When alternative comedy started, the movement largely defined itself by not being him. He became the permanent shorthand for racist comedy. Yet among comics who dissect joke mechanics, he remains an uncomfortable reality. The material is intensely prejudiced, but his microphone technique and absolute control over a noisy room are still treated as a textbook on form.

He relies entirely on the basic setup and punch. He takes premises about wives, minorities, or his own failing health, and drives them to the cruelest possible punchline. The rhythm never breaks. He strings together gags without ever asking for the audience’s affection or changing his deadpan face. When a joke pulls a massive laugh, he does not smile. He just breathes in and starts the next setup.

He ran the Embassy Club in Manchester. Having his own venue gave him a fortress. When television producers eventually decided his act was unbroadcastable, he just stayed in his own room, performing exactly what he wanted until the end of his life.